Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short...

Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short Stories Raymond Carver, poet, essayist, and short story writer, was very different from some other writers in that he clipped his writing until only the essential remained. Carver not only acknowledged the effect that fiction could have on readers, he proclaimed that it should affect readers.( Bonetti 58) Thus, when Carver writes about intimate relationships, the reader perceives the stories as more than entertainment or skillful language; the reader relates to the characters situations and applies the knowledge to their own lives. It is within this realm of character affirmation that Carver draws a much more elaborate, and meaningful detail in his short stories. I†¦show more content†¦Disjointed on the other hand is near similarity in communion, in that it contains the seed of communion which failed to grow. The protagonist achieves some measure of success only to falter. Disjunction occurs when an opportunity exists for the characters to change their lives in a small, spiritual way, and they are unable to seize it. Even with the spiritual isolation that many of Carvers characters hold, disjunction blocks me from the stories in that it leaves me unfulfilled, distracts me from the main point. The transgression of characters within stories, gives reader a greater insight into a spiritual change of some sort, the lack thereof leaves something missing in the story. A more influential meaning is gained when a connection of some sort is maid between characters. As Carver said in a interview later in his life, In fiction that matters the signifigance of the action inside the story translates to the lives of the people out side the story ( Davis 658) Carvers life, or biography, bares a little insight into his phases, or different stages in which he wrote his different types of stories and poems. Carver lived most of his life in a world which could not provide the luxury of spiritual affirmation. He grew up in Clatskanie, Oregon to working class- parents in a alcoholic home where reading material was limited to Zane Gray novels, and the newspaper. Following high school, Carver married his

The Evolution Of Treatment For Drug Abuse Essay - 2361 Words

The Evolution of Treatment for Drug Abuse Since 1900 Early drug abuse treatment The use of heroin and morphine grew like wildfire after the successive extraction of morphine from the opium poppy around 200 years ago in Germany. The drug was the main painkiller and an excellent treatment for injuries. Bayer introduced heroin later 1874 and started distributing it commercially in 1898 (Courtwright Joseph, 1989). Heroin came from morphine extracts and was up to two times stronger than morphine. Early chemists thought that morphine was appropriate for effective treatment for alcohol and cocaine addiction, but eventually found out that it was more addictive than the two. The use of the drug during the Civil War as a stimulant and painkiller resulted to too many soldier addicts even at the end of the war. The soldiers spread the use of morphine and heroin to their neighborhoods until addiction to the drugs became a crisis (Joseph Dole, 1970). Early treatment of morphine and heroin started after the implementation of Harrison’s Act that restricted selling of medical drugs containing morphine to designated chemists and pharmacies (Musto, 1999). In 1919, treatment of morphine and heroin addiction was going on in the clinics that prescribed and dispensed these drugs (Gewirtz, 1969). Opioid treatment programs (OTP) included treatment for the two drugs since they have opioid as a common component and have the same effects on the human body. At the clinics, the cliniciansShow MoreRelatedDrug Policy And Funding Has Not Changed Much Over The Past Two Decades1505 Words   |  7 PagesDrug policy in America has not changed much over the past two decades, but according to Sacco (2014) â€Å"over the last decade, the United States has shifted its stated drug control policy toward a comprehensive approach; one that focuses on prevention, treatment and enforcement (p.1). 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Information and Communication Technology Ethical Issues-Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Information and Communication Technology Ethical Issues. Answer: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is considered as extended term of information technology and it includes communication devices or applications such as mobile phones, network hardware and software components, satellite systems and various other applications and services (Iep.utm.edu, 2017). ICT has improved form of information technology and various new techniques are introduced by ICT for communication and information sharing worldwide. Today most of the business organizations are implementing ICT applications to make their communication and information sharing better with its clients and customers. While using applications of Information and Communication Technology, personal and business information of users is sending over internet that requires proper security. But some ethical issues such as security, privacy, cyber-crime, DDoS attacks are commonly encountered by ICT users. The purpose of making this report is to discuss an ethical issue on ICT discussed in a medi a article. Besides this, we will analyze article from the perspective of four classical ethical theories utilitarianism, deontology, virtue and contract. The selected article is based on ethical issue of cybercrime in ICT (Sina, 2017). Discussion In this segment of report we will analyze article appropriately on behalf of ethical theories. About Article of Cyber-crime In media article it is discussed that Ethical Hacking is main ethical issue comes under cybercrime. Ethical hacking is done to help an individual or an organization to identify weak points of their system or another security threats that have used by hackers for hacking their systems. The ethical hacking is done by ethical hackers. Ethical hacking is done with the permission of owners for maintaining security of their systems. Generally we can say that security professionals have to take bad actions to perform something good. That is why ethical hacking is considered as ethical issue of ICT that comes under category of cybercrime. Here we have condition that represents ethical hacking is also an ethical issue of ICT (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). In University of Calgary, hackers conducted email hacking attack to access information about students, their courses, fees structure and another essential information about University. To conduct this hacking, they sent emails with attached virus on Universitys email address and got access of database (Mhrd.gov.in, 2017). To restore this information, they asked for heavy amount from University. The management was ready to pay this amount but it was not a right decision. Here it is a case of unethical issue of ICT and unethical cybercrime, because here without permission of university, information is accessed by hackers. On another side, when security professionals of university try to hack IP addresses of hackers by using hacking approach, then they did this according to ICT ethic norms and with permission of management of university. Therefore, in this case, it will be considered an ethical issue of ICT. Although it is a cybercrime, but it is ethical because it is implemented to hel p University. Now, in next segment of report, we will analyze article on behalf of ethical theories of utilitarianism, deontology, virtue and contract (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017). Analysis of Article on behalf of Ethical Theories Utilitarianism: According to this ethical theory, an action is considered ethically right if its consequences lead to happiness or ethically wrong if its consequences lead to unhappiness. But it depends upon circumstances that an action is ethically right and wrong. If we analyze article on behalf of this ethical theory then it is right to say that ethical hacking is ethically right because it is implemented by security professionals to help others. Therefore, utilitarianism theory proves that cybercrime implemented by ethical hackers is an ethical issue (Hursthouse, Pettigrove, 2017). Deontology: Deontology is another theory that is used to judge the morality of an action based on rules. This theory also defines as rule based ethics. According to article, it is clearly defined that whether ethical hacking is ethical issue of cybercrime but it is implemented according to rules of companies those ask for this service to get prevention from hacking attacks. Therefore according to this theory, ethical hacking follows ethical rules (Cybercrime, 2017). Virtue: Virtue theory or virtue ethics is an essential approach to ethics and it emphasizes on character of an individual as the key element of ethical thinking. In case of ethical hacking, virtue is a security professional who implements ethical hacking with positive approach to provide help to victims of cyber-attacks. These security professionals are known as white hat hackers or ethical hackers and virtue is considered excellent trait of their character (Techopedia.com, 2017). Contract: The ethical theory of contract is the view that moral and political obligations of persons are dependent upon a contract or agreement for forming the society in which they live. The media article about ethical hacking also defines that ethical hacking is done by security professionals on the behalf of their contract with business organizations to whom they are providing services. In this contract, all legal norms of company are mentioned clearly and ethical hackers have to follow those norms. If security professionals will not follow these norms to perform ethical hacking then it will be considered illegal (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). In this way, the discussed article has analyzed on the behalf of ethical theories and it is found that ethical hacking is not unethical but it is ethical way to implement cybercrime in Information and Communication Technology. Arguments and Recommendations After this whole discussion, the main point to argue is that Is that okay to hack a website for the purpose of helping owner? In this case we can say that when hackers attack something for some type of gain, then it does not stand on ethical ground in this case. But on another side, when system is broken down by hackers for fun or to better their own skills and to know more about security, then this thing comes under ethical gray area. Besides this, here motivation also affects that how actions of hackers are viewed by others. Therefore, we can say that hacking a website for helping others is right and that is why it is considered ethical issue of ICT. But while implementing ethical hacking, ICT ethics must not be violated by security professionals (TechRepublic, 2017). Conclusion After this whole discussion we can say that in ICT various ethical issues are found that can be considered right and wrong according to circumstances. Cybercrime, privacy, security etc. are also considered as ethical issues of ICT. It means these issues can be ethical right in a condition, but in another condition these can be wrong. In this report, we have clearly mentioned that ethical hacking which is a cybercrime, but it is an ethical issue of ICT. This is because it is right according to ethical theories and also implemented according to ICT ethical rules. That is why, on the behalf of whole discussion we can say that information provided in article about ethical issue is accurate. In this report, we have discussed every argument about this ethical issue of ICT in detail and also provide recommendations accordingly. It is important for every security professional to perform his actions ethically, only then unethical issues of ICT can be resolved. With the advancement in technolo gy, hacking and phishing attacks are increasing continuously and to control this usage of ethics of Information and Communication Technology are required. Not only developers but also at users end security maintenance is important. References BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). What comes after those ellipses?. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethical-issue.html BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). When was the last time you said this?. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/utilitarianism.html Hursthouse, R., Pettigrove, G. (2017). Virtue Ethics. Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/ Encyclopedia Britannica. (2017). deontological ethics. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/deontological-ethics Cybercrime. (2017). Ethical Issues. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://cps182cybercrime.wordpress.com/ethical-issues/ TechRepublic. (2017). 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers - TechRepublic. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ Sina, I., profile, V., Sina, I. (2017). Cybercrime. I-thics.blogspot.in. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://i-thics.blogspot.in/2009/02/cybercrime.html Techopedia.com. (2017). What is Information and Communications Technology (ICT)? - Definition from Techopedia. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24152/information-and-communications-technology-ict Iep.utm.edu. (2017). Social Contract Theory | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/ Mhrd.gov.in. (2017). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2017). Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://mhrd.gov.in/ict_overview

Merging Of Kraft and Heinz as a More Global Company

Question: Discuss a news item or event that has arisen within the past month that has relevance to Strategic Management.Include the following: Topic Date Source which may include, radio, television, newspaper, internet, etc. Summary of the news item Conclusions or commentary about relevance to strategic management of business Answer: Topic The topic of this study is Merging of Kraft and Heinz as a more global company. Date The Kraft and Heinz Company of US has started to operate their business as a merged company from July 6, 2015. They started to operate under the trademark KHC. Source The sources for this topic are internet and newspaper and the officials of KHC. Summary of the news item The Kraft Company provides household products. Their products rank as no.1 or 2 in core category. Heinz is a global company which ranks as no.1 or 2 in food products. The main product of this company is ketchup (Noguchi, 2015). The officials said that the merging of these two company would save $1.5 billion cost by the year 2017, which is a part of strategic management (Green, 2015). The shareholder of Kraft Company will acquire 49% stake and the shareholder of Heinz Company would acquire 51% stake. Apart from stock the Kraft Company will be provided with special dividend of $16.50 in each share. Kraft and Heinz has started to operate as merged company from July, 2015 (Kammerer, 2015). This deal has created a food and beverage company which stands third largest beverage company in North America. Merging of these two companies has combined the namesake cheese and planter peanut of Kraft Company with the product of ketchup sauces of Heinz Company. These new company has already adopted some new strategic changes to cop up with the competitive challenges of other company. Conclusion Merger makes a lot of sense in strategic management. Both the firms were having a sophisticated supply chain management. This culture had been proved that these two companies are easy to integrate. The management of these two companies have measured that the merging of this two companies would save $1.5 billion cost by the year 2017, which is a part of strategic management (Seefeld, 2015). The new company has implemented a zero based budgeting in which the manager of the company gas to calculate every forecast expenses to reduce cost (Tremblay, 2015). Reference List Green, T. (2015). Editor's Note.Strategic Enrollment Mgmt Quarterly,2(4), 248-249. Kammerer, R. (2015). 116. Structural basis for recognition of synaptic vesicle protein 2C by botulinum neurotoxin A.Toxicon,93, S35-S36. Noguchi, Y. (2015). Merging with a set of probability measures: A characterization.Theoretical Economics,10(2), 411-444. Seefeld, K. (2015). The Role of a Scholar Practitioner in Strategic Enrollment Management. Strategic Enrollment Mgmt Quarterly,3(1), 29-40. Tremblay, C. (2015). Certifying Enrollment Management Professionals.Strategic Enrollment Mgmt Quarterly,3(1), 62-81